1.   Write a short note on Higher Arithmetic.
Ø Number theory also known as higher arithmetic is a branch of mathematics that deals with the properties of integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, and real numbers. Sometimes the discipline is concerned to include the imaginary and complex number as well.
Formally, numbers are represented in terms of sets, there are various schemes for doing this. However, there are other ways to represent numbers, for example, as angles, like points on a line, as a point on a plane or as points on space.
The integers and rational numbers can be symbolized and completely defined as numerals. The system of numeration commonly used today was developed from the system used in Arab texts, although some scholars believe they were first used in India. The so-called Arabic numerals are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8and 9.